Un aspetto della riforma Gelmini-Tremonti nella scuola primaria su cui vale la pena di ritornare, per le conseguenze che ha sul piano della qualità dell’insegnamento, è la vicenda degli insegnanti di lingua straniera. Si tratta di una storia lunga, che si è protratta nel corso del tempo. Per capirne la portata occorre quindi fare qualche passo indietro e ricostruirne per sommi capi gli sviluppi.
L'insegnante specializzato e l'insegnante specialista.
Partiamo quindi da lontano. O meglio, dall’inizio. L’insegnamento obbligatorio della lingua straniera nella scuola elementare (sperimentazioni didattiche e metodologiche a parte) è una realtà dal 1992. Ha formalmente avvio con la legge di riforma n.148 del 1990. Questa all’art.10 rinvia espressamente, per quanto riguarda i criteri per la scelta della lingua e le modalità di utilizzazione dei docenti, ad un successivo decreto ministeriale. E’ infatti il DM 28 giugno 1991 "Insegnamento delle lingue straniere nella scuola elementare" a dettare modalità e condizioni. Sottolineiamo, en passant, che l’insegnamento della lingua straniera riguardava, allora, le quattro lingue più diffuse, vale a dire non solo l’inglese ma anche il francese, lo spagnolo e il tedesco
L’insegnamento della lingua straniera, secondo il DM del 1991, doveva essere affidato "ad un insegnante elementare specializzato in possesso di competenze specifiche e inserito nel modulo organizzativo e didattico di cui all’art.5 della legge n.148/90, pertanto contitolare del modulo stesso" (art.4). L’obiettivo finale era quindi che ciascun modulo didattico avesse al proprio interno un docente specializzato (in altre parole, che in ciascun modulo uno dei tre docenti del team fosse in grado di insegnare anche una lingua straniera, sulla base di competenze specifiche acquisite, accanto ad altre discipline del curricolo).
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